Stachyose 是一种低聚糖，抑制耐万古霉素肠球菌增殖。Stachyose 调节肠道微生物群并缓解硫酸葡聚糖钠诱导的小鼠急性结肠炎。

NSC 42196 (Calcium glucoheptonate) 是内源性代谢产物的一种。

4-hydroxy Valsartan is a major metabolite of the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor antagonist valsartan . It reduces platelet aggregation induced by epinephrine and collagen but not ADP in human whole blood.

3,4-Dimethylbenzoic acid (1-Carboxy-3,4-dimethylbenzene) 是 Rhodococcus rhodochrous N75 代谢苯甲酸二甲酯的产物。

(2S,3R,4S,5R)-2-Amino-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrochloride (D-Mannosamine hydrochloride) 是内源性代谢产物的一种。

α-Demethylnaproxen 是一种 COX 的竞争性抑制剂（羊 COX-1 和 -2 的 Ki 值分别为 21 和 19 μM）。

Creatinine (NSC-13123) 由肌肉中磷酸肌酸分解产生。

β-Apooxytetracycline is a potential impurity found in commercial preparations of oxytetracycline. β-Apooxytetracycline is a degradation product formed from oxytetracycline via acid hydrolysis. It has a relative potency of 0.1 compared with oxytetracycline for inhibiting the growth of aerobic sludge bacteria, an MIC50 value of 32 mg/L for tetracycline-sensitive strains of Pseudomonas, and MIC50 values of greater than 32 mg/L for tetracycline-sensitive strains of Agrobacterium, Moraxella, and Bacillus, as well as tetracycline-resistant strains of E. coli. β-Apooxytetracycline (10 mg/kg) is toxic to rats, decreasing body weight, disrupting blood cell counts, and inducing hepatocyte necrosis.

Bilirubin conjugate is a stable, water-soluble ditaurate derivative of bilirubin meant to mimic endogenous bilirubin glucuronide derivatives. In vivo, bilirubin circulates in the plasma and is taken up by hepatocytes and conjugated to one or two glucuronic acids in a reaction catalyzed by UDP glucuronidase to form bilirubin mono or diglucuronide. This water-soluble form is then excreted from the liver in bile in the feces or is converted to urobilinogen and excreted in the urine. In addition to aiding in the disposal of heme, bilirubin and its conjugated derivatives have been shown to exhibit anti-oxidant and antimutagenic effects and to play a role in gut barrier function.