Avenacein Y is a biochemical.

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is metabolized into epoxyeicosatetraenoic acids (EpETE) by multiple cytochrome P450 isoforms. The predominant compound of this epoxygenase pathway, (±)17(18)-EpETE, induces relaxation in vascular and airway smooth muscles through its action on large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channels, specifically by binding to the BKα channel subunits. Another notable epoxygenase pathway derivative, (±)11(12)-EpETE, also generated from EPA via CYP450 activity in both in vitro and in vivo studies, has biological and physiological roles that are yet to be fully elucidated.

5α-Androstan-3β-ol, a steroidal androgen, demonstrates selective interaction with cellular components, showing affinity for the androgen receptor (AR) with an IC50 of 1.7 µM and activating the pregnane X receptor (PXR) in HepG2 cells with an EC50 of 0.8 µM. It selectively inhibits the hydroxylase activities of 16α- and 6β-hydroxylase over 16β- or 7α-hydroxylase, with IC50 values of 70 and 110 µM, compared to >150 µM for the latter enzymes, indicating a specificity in its enzyme inhibition profile. Additionally, administration of this compound at a dosage of 30 mg/kg results in a decrease in testis weight and sperm production in mice, highlighting its biological effects on male reproductive parameters.

1-Stearoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-oleoyl-rac-glycerol is a triacylglycerol comprising stearic acid (at the sn-1 position), palmitic acid (at the sn-2 position), and oleic acid (at the sn-3 position), identified in bovine milk.

9-OxoODE, formed through the oxidation of the allylic hydroxyl group in both 9(S)-HODE and 9(R)-HODE, is present in rabbit reticulocyte plasma and mitochondrial membranes as both 9- and 13-oxoODEs, constituting approximately 2% of the total linoleate residues. The majority of these oxidized linoleate residues are esterified to membrane lipids.

Cis-13-Octadecenoic acid, a monounsaturated fatty acid, is identified in bovine milk fat.