Glyoxalic acid is an organic compound. It is both an aldehyde and a carboxylic acid.

α-D-Glucosamine 1-phosphate 是一种源自E.coli的代谢产物，同时也是肽聚糖合成的关键前体之一。

5(S)-Hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5(S)-HpETE) is a monohydroperoxy polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) generated by the enzymatic conversion of arachidonic acid via 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO). Subsequently, 5(S)-HpETE undergoes metabolism to form leukotriene A4 (LTA4), which serves as a pivotal intermediate in the synthesis of leukotrienes (LTs).

Lumisterol (9β,10α-Ergosterol), a steroid compound, is the (9β,10α)-stereoisomer of Ergosterol. Lumisterol is a photoprotective agent against UVB-induced DNA damage and anti-proliferative activities[1]. [1]. Anyamanee Chaiprasongsuk, et al. Protective Effects of Novel Derivatives of Vitamin D 3 and Lumisterol Against UVB-induced Damage in Human Keratinocytes Involve Activation of Nrf2 and p53 Defense Mechanisms. Redox Biol. 2019 Jun;24:101206.

4-Aminophenylphosphorylcholine, when conjugated to sepharose, serves as an effective adsorbent for affinity precipitation experiments. This compound functions as a probe facilitating selective binding and isolation processes in biochemical studies.

8-Hydroxyguanine, generated through the oxidative degradation of DNA by the hydroxyl radical, serves as an indicator of oxidative stress in biological systems.