Methylmalonyl coenzyme A (Methylmalonyl-CoA) 是单链脂肪酸、胆固醇以及某些氨基酸（例如缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸）分解后的产物。通过甲基丙二酸单酰辅酶 A 变位酶 (MCM) 和其辅酶维生素 B12，Methylmalonyl coenzyme A 可以被催化转化为琥珀酰辅酶 A。

NADP+ is the oxidized form of the electron donor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate . It serves as a cofactor in various biological reactions. In addition, the balance between these reduced and oxidized forms plays key roles in diverse cellular functions, including cell survival, the maintenance of redox status, and intracellular signaling. For example, binding of NADP+ to β-subunits of Kv channels activates ion transport, whereas NADPH stabilizes channel inactivation. NADP+ is biosynthesized from NAD+ by NAD kinase, with ATP as the phosphoryl donor.

Urea-D4是Urea (T0738)的氘代物。Urea为强效蛋白质变性剂，通过直接和间接机制发挥作用。除此之外，它是有效的润肤剂和角质层分离剂，也被用作利尿剂。血尿素氮 (BUN)常用于评估肾功能。作为肥料中的氮源，Urea在化学工业中是重要的原料。

Succinyladenosine is a biochemical marker of adenylosuccinase (ASL) deficiency. It is formed through the dephosphorylation of intracellular adenylosuccinic acid (S-AMP) by cytosolic 5-nucleotidase [1].

Cyclohexanoyl coenzyme A (CHCoA) is an acyl CoA that contains a cyclohexane group. It is the activated form of cyclohexane carboxylic acid (CHC) in R. palustris. CHC is converted to CHCoA by a succinyl-CoA CHC CoA transferase, and CHCoA is then degraded by a dehydrogenase. CHCoA is converted to hippuric acid in submitochondrial fractions isolated from guinea pig liver.

Octanoic acid-13C4是具有13C标记的Octanoic acid (T3946)。Octanoic acid (Caprylic acid)是一种具有轻微腐臭味的油性液体，可用于生产酯类香料和染料。