Diadenosine pentaphosphate pentasodium, an endogenous vasoactive purine dinucleotide isolated from thrombocytes, serves as a key component of secretory vesicles in platelets, chromaffin cells, Torpedo synaptic terminals, and brain synaptosomes. This compound, along with other diadenosine polyphosphates (ApnA, n=2-7), plays a crucial role in physiological processes[1][2].

tetranor-PGEM is the major urinary metabolite of PGE1 and PGE2, and is used as a marker of PGE2 biosynthesis.[1],[2] About 15% of an infused dose of PGE2 appears as this metabolite in the urine of humans. Normal healthy males excrete 7-40 μg of tetranor-PGEM over a 24-hour period.[1]

Evernic acid是一种发现于Evernia prunastri的天然代谢物，能够穿透血脑屏障，能够抑制TrxR1酶活性和NF-κB通路，在帕金森病模型中具有神经保护和抗炎作用，还具有抗癌、抗真菌和抗菌作用。

Arylsulfatase是一种催化芳基硫酸酯水解的酶，分为A、B和C酶，能够特异性识别并断裂硫酸酯键，可用于研究相关代谢和疾病。

Dapagliflozin-3-O-β-D-glucuronide is a metabolite of dapagliflozin . Dapagliflozin is a first generation selective sodium glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitor that blocks glucose transport.[1] Dapagliflozin is metabolized by uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A9 to dapagliflozin-3-O-β-D-glucuronide, which is 2,600-fold less potent than the parent compound with regard to SGLT2 inhibition.[2]

2-Methylcitric acid trisodium (Methylcitric acid) is an endogenous metabolite in the 2-methylcitric acid cycle, which accumulates in methylmalonic and propionic acidemias.

Ethylenediaminediacetic acid is derived from two molecules of glycine linked by amines.

Chaetochromin also known as 4548-G05 and NSC 345647, is an orally active, small-molecule, selective agonist of the insulin receptor. It has potent and long-lasting antidiabetic activity in vivo in mice.

2(5H)-Furanone是一个片段分子，CAS号为497-23-4，可作为分子拼接、扩展和修饰的重要骨架，为新型候选药物的设计与筛选提供结构基础与研究工具，常用于药物发现、药物合成等相关研究。